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101.
This paper is focused on the capabilities of gas–liquid foams to attenuate acoustic waves. It is postulated that the sound attenuation phenomenon in foams is largely governed by the hydrodynamic resistance of the Plateau-Gibbs channels (PGC) to the flow of liquid through them. It is shown that the addition of solid particles to gas–liquid foams has opposite effects depending on the concentration of the added solid particles. As long as the concentration of the added solid particles is smaller than a certain critical value the sound attenuation coefficient increases and as a result in the sound velocity decreases. However, if the concentration of the added solid particles becomes larger than this critical value the attenuation coefficient decreases and the sound velocity increases. When the concentration of the solid particles reaches some critical value, the particles block the Plateau-Gibbs channels and stop the filtration. As a result the attenuation coefficient of the sound wave decreases while the sound velocity, in such three-phase foams, increases. The point at which the sound wave stops attenuating and its velocity starts to increase is known as the point of self-clarification. Based on this postulate and on the results of our preliminary tests the present study provides a plausible explanation to the above-mentioned contradicting effect, and the self- clarification phenomenon. 相似文献
102.
103.
L.A. Salami 《International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow》1984,5(3):155-165
One of the most important factors determining the shape of the calibration curve for a given turbine meter is the change in the upstream velocity distribution with flowrate. A theoretical model is evolved which can be used to predict the effects of velocity profile, viscosity and swirl on the calibration curve. It has also been used to explain the calibration curve of a commercial meter having a geometry very different from that for which the theory was developed. The effect of different types of integral flow straighteners on turbine meters is also investigated and found to depend on both the number of vanes and their length. A correlation is suggested for radial-vaned flow-straighteners 相似文献
104.
沟槽面与光滑面湍流边界层特性比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用LDV技术对沟槽面及光滑面湍流边界层流速和湍流度分布进行了精细的测量,实验结果表明:与光滑面相比,沟槽面湍流边界层时均流速分布对数公式中具有较大的积分常数C值,且沟槽面湍流度最大值较小,但其出现的位置距壁面较远。另外,偏斜因子及平坦因子的分布特性区别不大,但是在近壁区内沟槽面结果波动较大。 相似文献
105.
An improved version of the four-hole directional pressure probe, or Cobra probe, is described, in which the frequency response has been extended to 1.5 kHz. The probe measures all three orthogonal mean and turbulent velocity components at a point in the flow field. The probe also resolves the local mean and turbulent components of static pressure, allowing moments between the fluctuating velocity components and pressure to be determined. The techniques developed to allow the improved frequency response and the use of the probe in turbulent, developed pipe flow (a calibration flow) are described. Also given are the turbulent pressure-velocity correlations, which show a high degree of anticorrelation for one velocity component. 相似文献
106.
Velocity profile measurement by ultrasonic doppler method 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Yasushi Takeda 《Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science》1995,10(4):444-453
The ultrasonic velocity profile measuring method has been developed at PSI for application in fluid mechanics and fluid flow measurement. It uses pulsed ultrasonic echography together with the detection of the instantaneous Doppler shift frequency. This method has the following advantages over the conventional techniques: (1) an efficient flow mapping process, (2) applicability to opaque liquids, and (3) a record of the spatiotemporal velocity field. After a brief introduction of its principle, the characteristics and specifications of the present system are given. Then examples in fluid engineering for oscillating pipe flow, T-branching flow of mercury, and recirculating flow in a square cavity are described that confirm the method's advantages. Several other works under way by other investigators are introduced. A potential for in-depth study of fluid dynamics is demonstrated by several examples from an investigation of modulated wavy flows in a rotating Couette system. The position-averaged power spectrum and the time-averaged energy spectral density were used to study the dynamic characteristics of the flow, and subsequently the velocity field was decomposed into its intrinsic wave structure based on two-dimensional Fourier analysis. 相似文献
107.
We cloak a region from a known incident wave by surrounding the region with three or more devices that cancel out the field in the cloaked region without significantly radiating waves. Since very little waves reach scatterers within the cloaked region, the scattered field is small and the scatterers are for all practical purposes undetectable. The devices are multipolar point sources that can be determined from Green's formula and an addition theorem for Hankel functions. The cloaking devices are exterior to the cloaked region. 相似文献
108.
Daniel Torrent José Sánchez-Dehesa 《Wave Motion》2011,48(6):497-504
We present an analysis of acoustic cloaks based on the homogenization of two fluidlike materials, with an emphasis on periodically layered imperfect cloaks, by removing the singularities of the acoustic parameters required for ideal cloaks. The conditions that material layers should satisfy are systematically analyzed and critically discussed according to their feasibility. 相似文献
109.
A new three-dimensional transducer system is introduced in this paper, which enables the measurement of six internal components
of strain tensor in concrete members. Laboratory tests and strain analyses were carried out to evaluate this tranducer system.
The results show that the system is effective in measuring internal strains of concrete members. It was then embedded in a
reinforced concrete bridge deck in Macomb County, Michigan. Field tests were conducted to measure the strains in the deck
under truck wheel load. The results were used to understand the deck's strain and stress behavior under truck wheel load. 相似文献
110.
This paper discusses the effect of intensity pattern noise on the displacement measurement precision of digital image correlation
(DIC). Through mathematical deduction, a formula is presented to estimate the displacement measurement error caused by intensity
pattern noise. The resulting formula synthetically reflects the effects of the variance of noise, the intensity variance and
the subset size on the displacement measurement precision. To verify the correctness of the resulting formula, two experiments
are done. The first one is a real self-correlation experiment, and aims to analyze the effect of the subset size, while the
second is a numerical self-correlation experiment, and is to analyze to the effect of the different noise levels. The experimental
results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
The project is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (10572103). 相似文献